Silicon metal, also known as industrial silicon or crystalline silicon, is usually produced by reducing silica from carbon in an electric furnace. Silicon metal is a product smelted by quartz and coke in an electric furnace, the content of the main component silicon element is about 98% (in recent years, the Si content of 99.99% is also contained in silicon metal), and the remaining impurities are iron, aluminum, calcium, etc. Its main use is as an additive for non-ferrous alloys and as a starting material for the production of semiconductor silicon and silicones.In China, silicon metal is usually classified according to the content of the three main impurities it contains iron, aluminum and calcium. According to the percentage content of iron, aluminum and calcium in silicon metal, silicon metal can be divided into 553, 441, 411, 421, 3303, 3305, 2202, 2502, 1501, 1101 and other different grades. (Regarding the source of silicon metal numbers: the codes 1st and 2nd are the percentage content of iron and aluminum, and the third and fourth digits represent the calcium content.) For example, 553 represents that the content of iron, aluminum and calcium is 5%, 5%, and 3%; 3303 represents that the content of iron, aluminum and calcium is 3%, 3%, 0.3%)The production of silicon metal adopts the carbon thermal method, that is, the method of smelting silica and carbonaceous reducing agent in a mineral heat furnace. The purity of the silicon obtained in this way is 97%~98%, and such silicon can generally be used for metallurgical purposes. If you want to obtain a higher grade of silicon, you need to refine it to remove impurities to obtain silicon metal with a purity of 99.7%~99.8%.Quartz sand is used as raw material to smelt silicon metal, including quartz sand blocking, preparation of charge and mineral furnace smelting.Generally speaking, high-quality quartz sand will be directly used to produce high-grade quartz glass products, and even processed into gem-level products such as crystal, tourmaline and so on. The grade is slightly worse but the reserves are larger, the mining conditions are slightly better, and the surrounding electricity is cheaper and suitable for the production of silicon metal.At present, the production process route of the carbon thermal method for the production of silicon metal in China is generally used to use silica as raw material, petroleum coke, charcoal, wood chips, low ash coal, etc. as reducing agent, smelting at high temperature in the mine thermoelectric furnace, and reducing silicon metal from silica, which is a slag-free submerged arc high-temperature melting process.Principles of chemical reactionsChemistry reaction mechanismIt is generally believed that smelting silicon metal is such a reaction:SiO2 + C -> Si + CO2 ?But there are actually at least 10 reactions and side reactions involved:SiO2 + 3 C -> SiC + 2 CO ........ (1)2SiO2 + SiC -> 3 SiO + CO ........ (2)SiO2 + 2 SiC -> 3 Si + 2 CO ........ (3)2SiO + O2 -> 2SiO2 ........ (9)Therefore, although silicon metal is extracted from silica, not all silica is suitable for making silicon metal. The ordinary sand we see daily is not the real raw material of silicon metal, but the quartz sand used in the above-mentioned industrial production, and has undergone a multi-step reaction to complete the transformation from sand to silicon metal.

Silicon manganese alloy is an alloy composed of manganese, silicon, iron and a small amount of carbon and other elements. It is a kind of iron alloy with wide use and large output. Its consumption takes the second place in ferroalloy products of electric furnace. Manganese and silicon in manganese silicon alloy have strong affinity with oxygen. When manganese silicon alloy is used in steelmaking, the melting points of deoxidized products MnSiO3 and Mn2SiO4 are 1270 ℃ and 1327 ℃ respectively, which have the advantages of low melting point, large particles, easy floating, good deoxidization effect, etc.The research and industrialization of silicon manganese alloy production in China are relatively late, and there are still differences between China and some western developed countries in terms of production technology. Although China has achieved good practical results in the production process of silicon manganese alloy under the social market demand and the in-depth promotion of scientific and technological development, there is still a problem in the actual application and marketization process, which needs to be solved by relevant researchers.1. Mix ratioSilicon manganese alloy is an alloy material formed by continuous smelting operation, which involves relatively complex raw materials in its production process [2]. In the process of production, all kinds of materials should be put in reasonably according to the specified scientific proportion. Only in this way can the quality of alloy be guaranteed. However, due to the weak quality control awareness of some production personnel, there is a large subjective randomness in the proportion of production materials. When placing materials, the setting of the proportion of raw materials is not reasonable enough, which may lead to uneven quality of the alloy produced and a large amount of waste of materials. Serious, even lead to production safety problems, to a large extent, threaten the asset safety of enterprises and the life safety of production personnel.2. Slag alkalinityDuring the production of silicon manganese alloy, the basicity of slag will also affect the production of alloy. If the alkalinity of the slag is too high, the slag forming temperature will be seriously reduced, the melting speed of the furnace charge will be faster, which will cause difficulties in the reduction reaction of silicon dioxide, which will significantly reduce the silicon content of the alloy and affect the quality of the alloy. However, if the alkalinity of the slag is too low, the slag will become sticky, the slag will not be discharged smoothly, and even the slag will turn over. In this way, it will still lead to incomplete reduction of silica. Then the carbon content in the alloy is too high and the silicon content is too low, which affects the quality of the alloy.3. Manganese recoveryIn the production process of silicon manganese alloy, 70-80% of manganese will be reduced to the alloy, and only a small part will enter the slag, which will escape into the air with the elimination of furnace gas. The so-called manganese recovery is to restore more manganese to the alloy and reduce the waste of raw materials. However, due to the influence of equipment, process, operation and other aspects, some silicon manganese alloy manufacturers have obvious practical problems of low manganese recovery rate, which not only causes energy waste, but also affects the ecological environment. This is not conducive to the practical implementation of China's sustainable development strategy.

Ferrochromium is an iron alloy composed of chromium and iron. It is an important alloy additive in steelmaking.According to different carbon content, ferrochromium is divided into high carbon ferrochromium (carbon content of 4~8%), medium carbon ferrochromium (carbon content of 0.5~4%), low carbon ferrochromium (carbon content of 0.15~0.50%), Micro-carbon ferrochromium (with carbon content of 0.06%), ultra-fine carbon ferrochromium (with carbon content of less than 0.03%), as well as silicon-chromium alloy, ferro-chromium nitride, etc.The lower the carbon content of ferrochromium, the more difficult it is to smelt, the power consumption is also large, and the cost is high. Ferrochromium with a carbon content of less than 2% is suitable for smelting stainless steel, acid-resistant steel and other low-carbon chromium steels. Ferrochromium with a carbon content of more than 4% is often used to make ball bearing steel and steel for auto parts. Ferrochromium with a chromium content of about 5% can be used as a chromium addition agent for alloy transfer iron.An iron alloy with chromium and iron as the main components. It is one of the main alloying agents used in the iron and steel industry. In addition to the main components of chromium and iron, it also contains impurities such as carbon, silicon, sulfur, and phosphorus. Ferrochromium contains 55% to 75% chromium, and is divided into high carbon (4% to 10% C), medium carbon (0.5% to 4% C), low carbon (>0.15% to 0.5% C) and low carbon (>0.15% to 0.5% C) according to the carbon content. Micro-carbon (≤0.15%C) ferrochromium. High carbon ferrochromium is also called carbon ferrochromium, and medium, low and micro-carbon ferrochromium is also called refined ferrochromium. A high-carbon ferrochromium produced from chrome ore with a low chromium-to-iron ratio, containing 50% to 55% of Cr is called charge grade ferrochromium, and nitrogen-containing ferrochromium containing N2% to 10% is used as a nitrogen alloying agent. Also known as ferrochromium nitride.Ferrochrome is divided into high carbon ferrochrome according to different carbon content, including charging grade ferrochrome (C≦10%), medium carbon ferrochrome (C≦4.0%), low carbon ferrochrome (C≦0.5%), micro carbon Ferrochrome (C≦0.15%), etc. Commonly used are silicon-chromium alloy, ferrochromium nitride and so on. Ferrochromium is mainly used as an alloying additive in steelmaking, and in the past it was added at the later stage of refining in steelmaking. The smelting of stainless steel and other low-carbon steels requires the use of low and micro-carbon ferrochromium, so the production of refined ferrochromium was once developed on a large scale. Due to the improvement of the steelmaking process, when using the AOD method (see out-of-furnace refining) to produce stainless steel and other steel grades, carbon ferrochrome (mainly charging grade ferrochrome) is used to charge the furnace, so it is only necessary to add low and micro chrome in the later stage. Carbon ferrochromium adjusts the composition, so ferrochromium production is refining carbon ferrochromium.

Have you seen calcium silicon powder? It may be known to those working in steelmaking or industrial fields. In fact, it is a very practical material that plays a very important role during steelmaking, and the effect is very good. So do you know it? What are its characteristics? Let's find out together.1. Calcium silicon powder is a substance formed by the combination of elements such as silicon and calcium. It is powdery, so it is called calcium calcium powder.2. Both silicon and calcium in this substance have a very good affinity with oxygen, and can play a very good role in improving its purity during steelmaking, and can play a better refining effect.3. Calcium silicon powder can also be used as an additive and an inoculant. It can help to form fine particles and spherical graphite, so it can reduce the white mouth to a relative extent, and can also improve the effect of cast iron and improve the quality.4. After the substance is added to the molten steel, it can produce a very strong exothermic reaction, so it can play the role of stirring, and can also improve the shape and characteristics of non-metallic substances, which is very practical.

Due to the high carbon content of the graphitized recarburizer, after high temperature smelting, the value of ash and volatile matter in the recarburizer will continue to decrease, thereby increasing the content of fixed carbon in the graphite recarburizer, especially in the steelmaking industry. It is an ideal carburizing material for manufacturers. As long as the molten iron is melted, the graphite carburizing agent is added to the induction furnace according to the proportion requirements, and the content of carbon in the molten iron is fully stirred and adjusted, and a stable effect can be obtained. The absorption rate of graphite recarburizer can better reach 90%.These are some suggestions, I hope to help you!Anyang Xinshichuang Metallurgical Refractory Co., Ltd. sells graphitized recarburizers, columnar recarburizers, etc., you can contact the company if you need it!

Silicon Briquette (Silicon Briquette) is a new type of ferroalloy product, which is made by silicon sphere manufacturers by pressing silicon powder with different silicon (Si) content through briquetting equipment. Industry, especially the steelmaking industry, in steelmaking, both silicon balls and silicon carbide have the characteristics of fast deoxidation and good slag collection, and silicon balls are cheaper than traditional metallurgical materials, and can often be used in use. Significantly reduce the cost of metallurgy and improve the benefits of metallurgical manufacturers. Silicon balls are gradually replacing metallurgical materials such as ferrosilicon!Anyang Xinshichuang Metallurgical Refractory Co., Ltd. sells 50# silicon balls, 45# silicon balls, etc., which can be customized. Customers who need it can contact us! There are also various ferroalloy products, such as metal silicon, inoculant, silicon slag and so on.